Abstract

The eye is one of the most important sense organs responsible for perception of the visual environment. Ayurveda describes the eye under the concepts of Netra Sharira and Netra Kriya Sharira, considering Tejo Mahabhuta as predominant and Alochaka Pitta as an important functional principle associated with visual perception. Modern anatomy describes the eye as a specialized optical and neural organ consisting of three coats—fibrous, vascular and nervous—and refractive media that focus light on the retina. Increasing use of computers, smartphones and other digital devices has resulted in frequent complaints of ocular fatigue, dryness, burning, redness, watering, headache and visual discomfort. Digital eye strain is recognized as a group of ocular, visual and extraocular symptoms associated with prolonged digital-device use. Reduced blink rate during screen viewing may contribute to ocular surface dryness and discomfort. Ayurveda emphasizes prevention through Dinacharya, a structured daily regimen intended to maintain physiological equilibrium. Abhyanga and Padabhyanga are described as important components of daily health maintenance. Classical Ayurvedic texts attribute Drishti- prasadana and Chakshushya effects to Padabhyanga. The present review attempts to integrate the Ayurvedic description of ocular anatomy with modern anatomical concepts and critically discusses the probable mechanism through which Padabhyanga may influence ocular comfort. The proposed mechanisms include the Ayurvedic actions of Sneha, Vata-Pitta shamana, sensory stimulation of the foot, relaxation, modulation of autonomic activity, reduction of perceived fatigue and improvement in sleep. However, the exact neurophysiological pathway connecting foot massage with ocular function remains to be established. Therefore, Padabhyanga may be considered a promising supportive preventive practice for lifestyle- associated ocular discomfort, while further well-designed clinical and physiological studies are required.